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From Middle English ars, ers, from Old English жrs, ears, from Proto-Germanic *arsaz (compare Dutch aars and German Arsch), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃йrsos (“backside, buttocks”)
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Variant of arse; used chiefly in North America. Ultimately from Middle English ars, ers, from Old English жrs, ears, from Proto-Germanic *arsaz (compare Old High German ars (German Arsch), Old Norse ars, Old Frisian ers), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃йrsos (compare Ancient Greek ὄρρος (уrrhos)).
It actually comes from the Greek ορρος (pron. orros =tail), and, wonder of wonders, the word is also present in Hittite as arrash. --------------------------------------- added after 24 seconds
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By #506151 at 28,Feb,16 23:04
To suggest that modern English is a Germanic language is simplistic tripe, modern English takes words and influence from multiple early invaders, such as Norwegians and Swedes, Latin from the Catholic Church, French from the Normans. Modern English is also augmented by words from the colonies, hence native American, African and Indian words are now all part of modern English language.
I would add that whilst ass is used and accepted in the UK, it is not generally spoken, most people will still use arse.
By #23212 at 29,Feb,16 03:17
Yes, of course MODERN English takes words from a great many languages. But the core roots of English are from German.
Here is a sample 'language tree' to illustrate:
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You can see that English is on the 'Germanic' branch of European languages. This is how it looks on most every diagram.
I would hope that you learn a bit more about respecting other people, before you call their statements "tripe".
Correct. English is a germanic indo European language with very very very rapid evolution. To wit, nobody can read 10th c. English without training. Whereas, for example, Albanian is a much more stable language. And so is Greek. Influences in English are huge, but they're mostly from other indo European languages, in particular french. But its roots are germanic.
By #506151 at 29,Feb,16 23:26
English is as much Germanic as it is Norman or Saxon or Celtic regardless of what your sweet little diagram suggests. Whilst English does share a beginning with modern German via the Angles, a Germanic tribe of early invaders, it's roots also lie with the many indigenous languages as well as language imported from other invaders. Do try and think outside the box and not just dish up generalised googled tripe portrayed as knowledge.
By #23212 at 02,Mar,16 23:48
For a 22 year old to be telling someone with a Ph.D. and over 35 years of experience in linguistics, that his "knowledge" is just "generalised googled tripe", is about as 'boxed in' as I've seen in my many years here on SIO.
By #506151 at 07,Mar,16 19:19
ooh a Ph.D, I am impressed, so tell me in which field do you specialise? i'm also fascinated to read how you acquired your 35 years of linguistic experience and how with all this knowledge and a big egg head that you still manage to know so little about the most widely spoken language on the planet.
Let us take a look at English of 1000 years ago. Unlike Latin or Greek or Albanian (three major branches of indo european), virtually no English-speaking person can understand the English language of 1000 years ago (unless, they have training in it). Take a look at Beowulf:
Hwaet, we gar-dena in geardagum,
юeodcyninga юrym gefrunon,
hu рa жюelingas ellen fremedon!
oft Scyld Scefing sceaюena юreatum,
monegum mжgюum meodosetla ofteah,
egsode eorlas, syррanжrest wearр...
Do you understand a single word? No, unless, of course, you have studied Old English. You know who understands this text? Well, an Icelander! Icelandic is not just a germanic language but it's the oldest germanic language. English roots are in Danish, German and Icelandic. Meanwhile, there have been influences, notably from French, which was the language of the ruling class. Other influences, say from Indonesian (orangutan), Nahuatl (chocolate), Turkish (bazaar), etc. have been very minor. You mention "native languages" and I wonder what you mean. Perhaps you mean Gaelic (celtic). Two issues here. The influence exists but it's not as big as germanic. Second issue is that even Celts are not native of Britain but invaders from central Europe (from Hallstat around 6th c. BCE).
The more native language of the UK is Pictish but there is hardly any evidence of such influence. You might, rightly, ask "how can linguists infer that there is no influence from a language such as Pictish which, after all, is extinct?" Well, the answer is that no word has been found that does not obey the phonological and structural rules of germanic. To give an example, for another major indo european language that, unlike English, did have a little influence from native languages, let us take Greek. Greeks came to Greece long time ago, 2000 BCE, say. They meet people speaking another extinct language called Pelasgian. This is documented in classical Greek texts (of about 500 BCE). For example, the word for sea in Greek is thalassa (both in ancient and modern Greek, as you might know if you've been to Greece). But linguists know that this word has nothing to do with any other indo European language, Sanskrit notwithstanding. So the infer that it must be Pelasgian. No such words have been found in English.
It is therefore clear that English has had no pictish influences. Anyway, English didn't even exist when the Picts became extinct.
You say "English is as much Germanic as it is Norman or Saxon or Celtic ". But when we say Germanic we, indeed, include Saxon. Saxon is Germanic. What does Norman mean? It comes from Norse, ie Norway. They invaded France and adopted the Frankish language. Later, this influenced England too. Indeed, as we said, English does have French influence but its basis is Germanic (Saxonic). Do you know how they say English in Irish? Sasanach. Which means Saxon. Similarly in Welsh and in Cornish. That is, the Celts recognized the English as people of different origin and different language.
Hope this helps.
By #502711 at 05,Mar,16 12:36
That was a very interesting & educational read Leo
Glad you liked it. And please don't think as if I'm trying to be a geek, I'm not, I just felt that claims made above had to be corrected because, after all, English is the language we use to communicate. If, say, some PC person in Australia makes a claim that English has aboriginal roots, well, that's not true. Yes, it's true that aboriginal people haven't had the best of treatments from Europeans, but claiming that their language influenced English won't correct the wrongdoings neither will it make them happier. Have a great weekend.
By #506151 at 07,Mar,16 19:16
hmm seems like another google expert, find me an irishman who says sasanach, you won't find one as it's now very firmly a scottish phrase. try not to believe everything you read on wiktionary.
Oh, you don't understand. Irish is spoken by 1% of Irish people in Ireland. It's a very tiny minority. I was speaking of the Old Irish language spoken by the Celts of long-long ago.
Well in the context off the post, yours fits the bill on both accounts,Emm(You do have a Perfect 10,Posterior)
By #491253 at 05,Mar,16 14:17
It would be useful if someone could remind us of the other various terms of particular interest to members of this site. Maybe we could then decide on a common Showitoff vocabulary.
By #502711 at 05,Mar,16 12:38
I'm Australian, I say it & spell it "Arse". Though most teenagers here these days think they live in America & spell it "Ass".
It`s about the great divide of the Atlantic Ocean. "New" English seems to be west of the great watery divide, while the Queens finest still reigns above the chops of the Channel.
PS to add to the interest, i`m irish
From Middle English ars, ers, from Old English жrs, ears, from Proto-Germanic *arsaz (compare Dutch aars and German Arsch), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃йrsos (“backside, buttocks”)
only registered users can see external links
Variant of arse; used chiefly in North America. Ultimately from Middle English ars, ers, from Old English жrs, ears, from Proto-Germanic *arsaz (compare Old High German ars (German Arsch), Old Norse ars, Old Frisian ers), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃йrsos (compare Ancient Greek ὄρρος (уrrhos)).
Americans simply lost R.
But I must admit, arse sounds more dignified.
I think Ass works ok.
Oh so if someone that says Arse sees a Donkey, do they think JackARSE or JackASS?
More worrisome, perhaps, is how 'treacle' became 'molasses'--now that's a HUGE leap.
--------------------------------------- added after 24 seconds
c.f. only registered users can see external links
I would add that whilst ass is used and accepted in the UK, it is not generally spoken, most people will still use arse.
Here is a sample 'language tree' to illustrate:
only registered users can see external links
You can see that English is on the 'Germanic' branch of European languages. This is how it looks on most every diagram.
I would hope that you learn a bit more about respecting other people, before you call their statements "tripe".
Hwaet, we gar-dena in geardagum,
юeodcyninga юrym gefrunon,
hu рa жюelingas ellen fremedon!
oft Scyld Scefing sceaюena юreatum,
monegum mжgюum meodosetla ofteah,
egsode eorlas, syррanжrest wearр...
Do you understand a single word? No, unless, of course, you have studied Old English. You know who understands this text? Well, an Icelander! Icelandic is not just a germanic language but it's the oldest germanic language. English roots are in Danish, German and Icelandic. Meanwhile, there have been influences, notably from French, which was the language of the ruling class. Other influences, say from Indonesian (orangutan), Nahuatl (chocolate), Turkish (bazaar), etc. have been very minor. You mention "native languages" and I wonder what you mean. Perhaps you mean Gaelic (celtic). Two issues here. The influence exists but it's not as big as germanic. Second issue is that even Celts are not native of Britain but invaders from central Europe (from Hallstat around 6th c. BCE).
The more native language of the UK is Pictish but there is hardly any evidence of such influence. You might, rightly, ask "how can linguists infer that there is no influence from a language such as Pictish which, after all, is extinct?" Well, the answer is that no word has been found that does not obey the phonological and structural rules of germanic. To give an example, for another major indo european language that, unlike English, did have a little influence from native languages, let us take Greek. Greeks came to Greece long time ago, 2000 BCE, say. They meet people speaking another extinct language called Pelasgian. This is documented in classical Greek texts (of about 500 BCE). For example, the word for sea in Greek is thalassa (both in ancient and modern Greek, as you might know if you've been to Greece). But linguists know that this word has nothing to do with any other indo European language, Sanskrit notwithstanding. So the infer that it must be Pelasgian. No such words have been found in English.
It is therefore clear that English has had no pictish influences. Anyway, English didn't even exist when the Picts became extinct.
You say "English is as much Germanic as it is Norman or Saxon or Celtic ". But when we say Germanic we, indeed, include Saxon. Saxon is Germanic. What does Norman mean? It comes from Norse, ie Norway. They invaded France and adopted the Frankish language. Later, this influenced England too. Indeed, as we said, English does have French influence but its basis is Germanic (Saxonic). Do you know how they say English in Irish? Sasanach. Which means Saxon. Similarly in Welsh and in Cornish. That is, the Celts recognized the English as people of different origin and different language.
Hope this helps.
In icelandic Ass/Arse/Butt is Rass
As in Flottur Rass.
Arse Ass butt/is all the same Right
PS to add to the interest, i`m irish